Influence of Sedimentation on the Geomorphology of the Northwestern Continental Margin of India     

Onkar S. Chauhan  F. Almeida  Jangam Suneethi 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):259-265

Based upon the analysis of about 10,000 line km of echosounding and bathymetric data and variations in mass accumulation rate along the NW continental margin of India (between Kori creek and Mumbai), we have deduced that in the northern region (in the vicinity of the River Indus) the shelf-break occurs at a shallower depth and the slope is shallower, has the steepest gradient (<1:20), is smoother with no major features, and has reduced width (slope edge at 1450 m; width 19 km than off Mumbai). The width and depth of the slope edge gradually increases southwards, and is at maximum off DamanMumbai (slope edge depth 2900 m; width 84 km). The intensity of the occurrence of physiographic features also increases southwards. The shelf edge off Saurashtra is undulating and on the slope, regional notches and benches (the most prominent at 560 m) are observed. Further southwards off Khambhat-Mumbai, the slope is characterized by the presence of bathymetric highs and lows. We have also observed numerous features on the shelf, with a variable depth of the shelf-break. The gradient of the continental slope is also reduced from the northern region to the southern region. The variations in the gradient of the slope and the presence of distinct physiographic features in this area are examined vis-a-vis fluvial supply of the sediments into the region.  相似文献   

Assessing the impact of pollution on aquatic systems at a global and regional level     

Mee LD  Bloxham M 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):223-228

In developing a methodology for the ongoing Global International Waters Assessment, major gaps have become apparent in our ability to make comparative assessments of pollution. A pragmatic impacts scoping methodology has been developed and tested. A more effective assessment protocol however, requires a better knowledge of the relationship between pollution sources and biological effects with less reliance on chemical monitoring.  相似文献   

海洋中的CO2观测与研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

乔然  王彰贵  张滨  于艳红  马黎明 《海洋预报》2005,22(Z1):106-114

在1985年～1997年之间"陆架边沿海海洋通量研究"和"中美海气联合调查"(TOGA)海洋观测调查项目中,利用库仑仪系统和高精度测量海水二氧化碳分压气相色谱系统测量了表层和深层海水总溶解二氧化碳(TCO2)、海水和大气CO2分压(PCO2)样品,测量精度为±1umol/kg和±1utam.根据表层和深层CO2数据,讨论了影响CO2变化的主要因素,通过研究计算获得了CO2和温度(T)、盐度(S)、总碱度(ALK)相关回归方程.CO2分布变化与流、水团、黑潮变化密切相关.本文根据在中国东海四个航次测量的海水和大气的PCO2,描述了调查海域CO2的源与汇以及通量的分布.  相似文献   

冲绳海槽中部表层沉积物的重矿物分布和来源   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9  

林振宏  吕亚男  高学敏 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1996,(3)

根据冲绳海槽表层沉积物的重矿物含量变化、物源、成因、地貌和沉积特征划分出东海陆坡、琉球岛坡和海槽槽底三个矿物组合区以及六个矿物组合亚区，并对其物质来源和影响范围作了讨论。  相似文献   

Semipermeable membrane devices link site-specific contaminants to effects: PART II - A comparison of lingering Exxon Valdez oil with other potential sources of CYP1A inducers in Prince William Sound, Alaska     

Short JW  Springman KR  Lindeberg MR  Holland LG  Larsen ML  Sloan CA  Khan C  Hodson PV  Rice SD 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(5):487-498

We deployed semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) on beaches for 28 days at 53 sites in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, to evaluate the induction potential from suspected sources of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A)-inducing contaminants. Sites were selected to assess known point sources, or were chosen randomly to evaluate the region-wide sources. After deployment, SPMD extracts were analyzed chemically for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These results were compared with hepatic CYP1A enzyme activity of juvenile rainbow trout injected with the same extracts prior to clean-up for the chemical analyses. Increased CYP1A activity was strongly associated with PAH concentrations in extracts, especially chrysene homologues but was not associated with POPs. The only apparent sources of chrysene homologues were lingering oil from Exxon Valdez, asphalt and bunker fuels released from storage tanks during the 1964 Alaska earthquake, creosote leaching from numerous pilings at one site, and PAH-contaminated sediments at Cordova Harbor. Our results indicate that PWS is remarkably free of pollution from PAH when nearby sources are absent as well as from pesticides and PCBs generally.  相似文献   

西藏舍索矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床年代学与地球化学特征及意义   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

赵元艺  崔玉斌  吕立娜  石登华 《岩石学报》2011,27(7):2132-2142

舍索矿床位于西藏申扎县北部,属班公湖-怒江成矿带中段,为小型矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床。本文在野外地质调查和室内岩矿鉴定基础上开展了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb法测年、主量与微量元素测试、H-O、C、S和Pb同位素、流体包裹体拉曼光谱、包裹体温度与盐度分析。矿区成矿岩体花岗闪长岩年龄为116Ma, A/CNK值在1.0附近,A/NK值在1.62~1.88之间,为准铝质与过铝质的过渡类型。微量元素蛛网图中,富集大离子不相容元素Rb、Th、Pb、Ti,贫Nb。稀土配分模式属于右倾型,重稀土部分的曲线形态平缓,∑REE=89.89×10^-6~97.92×10^-6,∑LREE/∑HREE=7.47~9.31,δEu=0.75~0.89,具有不明显的负Eu异常。矿床形成于班公湖-怒江洋向南(即冈底斯地块)俯冲碰撞闭合之前的岛弧环境。石英包裹体流体主要为岩浆水。方解石的δ¹³C_V-PDB(‰)=-3.6~ -2.0;δ³⁴S_V-CDT(‰)=-10.3~2.7,以负值为主,出现-8.5‰与-3.5‰两个峰值,辉钼矿的δ³⁴S 出现较大的负值。花岗闪长岩的锶钕同位素显示其源区为幔源,在上升过程中受到下地壳物质的影响。包裹体均为气液两相包裹体,气相成分主要为CO₂,有少量的N₂与CH₄。气液比(%)为5~45,大小为3×6~33×20μm。测试的均一温度范围为130~290℃,主要介于180~260℃,盐度主要介于3%~6% NaCleqv和10%~18% NaCleqv,总体显示为低温低盐度特点。成矿物质由岩浆与地层共同提供。  相似文献   

多源地学信息系统数据字典设计与实现     

马智民  高凤亮  张振飞  何宏星  罗广祥 《地球科学与环境学报》2000,22(1)

随着GIS应用的深入和广泛 ,空间数据元数据的重要性愈加明显和突出。在探讨空间数据元数据的概念、内容、功能和作用的基础上 ,针对多源地学信息系统元数据的组织和管理———数据字典的设计及其实现技术和方法进行了研究。研究结果表明 ,以数据库管理系统建立的空间数据元数据的数据字典不仅在多源地学信息系统设计、建设和应用阶段具有指导意义 ,而且对用户在使用空间数据的过程中提供查询和说明空间数据的质量和可靠性方面具有实际应用价值。  相似文献   

Role of organic acids (formic, acetic, pyruvic and oxalic) in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN): a review   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shaocai Yu   《Atmospheric Research》2000,53(4):4289

Although it is believed that organic aerosols play a key role in cloud nucleation and make an important contribution to the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) population, their specific species remain poorly characterized. This paper reviews the current knowledge of organic acids (mainly formic, acetic, pyruvic and oxalic acids). Without specification, organic acids in this paper refer to these four organic acids in the gas and aerosol phases. This paper analyzes the extent to which organic acids act as CCN and compares the physical and chemical properties of organic acids with those of CCN. The results show that aerosol formate and acetate concentrations range from 0.02 to 5.3 nmol m⁻³ and from 0.03 to 12.4 nmol m⁻³, respectively, and that between 34 to 77% of formate and between 21 to 66% of acetate are present in the fine fraction of aerosols. It was found that although most (98–99%) of these volatile organic acids are present in the gas phase, their concentrations in the aerosol particles are sufficient to make them a good candidate for CCN. The results also show that organic acids may make an important contribution to the formation of CCN in some special sources such as vegetation emissions and biomass-burning. Organic acids are expected to contribute significantly to the estimates of indirect (cloud-mediated) forcing due to aerosols.  相似文献   

Thermal waters of the Hornonitrianska kotlina depression and their utilization     

O. Franko  J. Franko 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(5):501-515

 Slovakia has many areas rich in thermal waters one of which is the Hornonitrianska kotlina depression. At four localities three types of waters are found. The first belongs to the Ca–Mg–HCO₃ type with T.D.S. 0.7 g/l, the second to the Ca–Mg–SO₄ type with T.D.S. 1.37–2.01 g/l and the third to the Ca–Mg–SO₄–HCO₃ type with T.D.S. 0.97 g/l. Discharge at individual localities varies up to 30 l/s and temperatures of water reach 32.5–66.6  °C. The waters are predominantly used for healing, rehabilitation purposes, recreation and heating. Received: 8 March 1999 · Accepted: 7 June 1999  相似文献   

南京市气溶胶PM2.5一次来源解析   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

樊曙先  徐建强  郑有飞  谢学俭 《气象科学》2005,25(6):587-593

在南京大学鼓楼校区（市区）和南京信息工程大学（郊区）校园，分季采集PM2.5及其主要排放源的颗粒样品，在南京大学现代分析测试中心用X-荧光分析法分析样品中的化学元素，应用化学元素平衡法（CMB）计算了各主要源对PM2.5的贡献。结果表明对市区扬尘和建筑尘是PM2．5最主要的贡献源，贡献率合计约70％；燃煤尘和冶炼尘仅为约15％。对郊区扬尘和煤烟尘是PM2．5的最主要贡献源，平均贡献率分别为50％和22．4％，建筑尘的平均贡献率为8．3％，冶炼尘的贡献小于8％。这些结果可为治理气溶胶细颗粒源提供决策依据。  相似文献